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The Third Book of Moses: Leviticus

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- Chapter 23 -

(Exodus 23:14–19)
1
Then the LORD said to Moses,
2
“Speak to the Israelites and say to them, ‘These are My appointed feasts, the feasts of the LORD that you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies.
3
For six days work may be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, a day of sacred assembly. You must not do any work; wherever you live, it is a Sabbath to the LORD.

Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread

(Exodus 12:14–28; Numbers 28:16–25; Deuteronomy 16:1–8)
4
These are the LORD’s appointed feasts, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times.
5
The Passover to the LORD begins at twilight on the fourteenth (a) day of the first month.
6
On the fifteenth day of the same month begins the Feast of Unleavened Bread (b) to the LORD. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread.
7
On the first day you are to hold a sacred assembly; you are not to do any regular work.
8
For seven days you are to present an offering made by fire to the LORD. On the seventh day there shall be a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work.’”

The Feast of Firstfruits

9
And the LORD said to Moses,
10
“Speak to the Israelites and say, ‘When you enter the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you are to bring to the priest a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest.
11
And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD so that it may be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the day after the Sabbath.
12
On the day you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a year-old lamb without blemish as a burnt offering to the LORD,
13
along with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour (c) mixed with oil—an offering made by fire to the LORD, a pleasing aroma—and its drink offering of a quarter hin of wine.(d)
14
You must not eat any bread or roasted or new grain until the very day you have brought this offering to your God. This is to be a permanent statute for the generations to come, wherever you live.

The Feast of Weeks

(Acts 2:1–13)
15
From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, you are to count off seven full weeks.
16
You shall count off fifty days until the day after the seventh Sabbath, and then present an offering of new grain to the LORD.
17
Bring two loaves of bread from your dwellings as a wave offering, each made from two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour, baked with leaven, as the firstfruits to the LORD.
18
Along with the bread you are to present seven unblemished male lambs a year old, one young bull, and two rams. They will be a burnt offering to the LORD, together with their grain offerings and drink offerings—an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
19
You shall also prepare one male goat as a sin offering and two male lambs a year old as a peace offering.
20
The priest is to wave the lambs as a wave offering before the LORD, together with the bread of the firstfruits. The bread and the two lambs shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.
21
On that same day you are to proclaim a sacred assembly, and you must not do any regular work. This is to be a permanent statute wherever you live for the generations to come.
22
When you reap the harvest of your land, do not reap all the way to the edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest. Leave them for the poor and the foreign resident. I am the LORD your God.’”

The Feast of Trumpets

(Numbers 29:1–6)
23
The LORD also said to Moses,
24
“Speak to the Israelites and say, ‘On the first day of the seventh month you are to have a day of rest, a sacred assembly announced by trumpet blasts.(e)
25
You must not do any regular work, but you are to present an offering made by fire to the LORD.’”

The Day of Atonement

(Leviticus 16:1–34; Numbers 29:7–11)
26
Again the LORD said to Moses,
27
“The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. You shall hold a sacred assembly and humble yourselves,(f) and present an offering made by fire to the LORD.
28
On this day you are not to do any work, for it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the LORD your God.
29
If anyone does not humble himself on this day, he must be cut off from his people.
30
I will destroy from among his people anyone who does any work on this day.
31
You are not to do any work at all. This is a permanent statute for the generations to come, wherever you live.
32
It will be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you shall humble yourselves. From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to keep your Sabbath.”

The Feast of Tabernacles

(Nehemiah 8:13–18; Zechariah 14:16–21)
33
And the LORD said to Moses,
34
“Speak to the Israelites and say, ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the Feast of Tabernacles (g) to the LORD begins, and it continues for seven days.
35
On the first day there shall be a sacred assembly. You must not do any regular work.
36
For seven days you are to present an offering made by fire to the LORD. On the eighth day you are to hold a sacred assembly and present an offering made by fire to the LORD. It is a solemn assembly; you must not do any regular work.
37
These are the LORD’s appointed feasts, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies for presenting offerings by fire to the LORD—burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings, each on its designated day.
38
These offerings are in addition to the offerings for the LORD’s Sabbaths, and in addition to your gifts, to all your vow offerings, and to all the freewill offerings you give to the LORD.
39
On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you have gathered the produce of the land, you are to celebrate a feast to the LORD for seven days. There shall be complete rest on the first day and also on the eighth day.
40
On the first day you are to gather the fruit of majestic trees, the branches of palm trees, and the boughs of leafy trees and of willows (h) of the brook. And you are to rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days.
41
You are to celebrate this as a feast to the LORD for seven days each year. This is a permanent statute for the generations to come; you are to celebrate it in the seventh month.
42
You are to dwell in booths (i) for seven days. All the native-born of Israel must dwell in booths,
43
so that your descendants may know that I made the Israelites dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.’”
44
So Moses announced to the Israelites the appointed feasts of the LORD.

Footnotes

(a)23:5 Hebrew begins between the two evenings of the fourteenth
(b)23:6 That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14–20.
(c)23:13 Two-tenths of an ephah is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4.4 liters (probably about 5.1 pounds or 2.3 kilograms of flour); also in verse 17.
(d)23:13 A quarter hin is approximately 0.97 quarts or 0.92 liters of wine.
(e)23:24 Or a sacred assembly, a memorial of shouting
(f)23:27 Or afflict your souls or deny yourselves; also in verse 32
(g)23:34 That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22).
(h)23:40 Or poplars
(i)23:42 Or tabernacles or shelters; twice in this verse, and also in verse 43; see the footnote for verse 34.
(Exodus 23:14–19)
1
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2
“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘The set feasts of the LORD, which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my set feasts.
3
“‘Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation; you shall do no kind of work. It is a Sabbath to the LORD in all your dwellings.

Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread

(Exodus 12:14–28; Numbers 28:16–25; Deuteronomy 16:1–8)
4
“‘These are the set feasts of the LORD, even holy convocations, which you shall proclaim in their appointed season.
5
In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, is the LORD’s Passover.
6
On the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread to the LORD. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.
7
In the first day you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no regular work.
8
But you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD seven days. In the seventh day is a holy convocation. You shall do no regular work.’”

The Feast of Firstfruits

9
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
10
“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘When you have come into the land which I give to you, and shall reap its harvest, then you shall bring the sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest to the priest.
11
He shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you. On the next day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.
12
On the day when you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a male lamb without defect a year old for a burnt offering to the LORD.
13
The meal offering with it shall be two tenths of an ephah(a) of fine flour mixed with oil, an offering made by fire to the LORD for a pleasant aroma; and the drink offering with it shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin.(b)
14
You must not eat bread, or roasted grain, or fresh grain, until this same day, until you have brought the offering of your God. This is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

The Feast of Weeks

(Acts 2:1–13)
15
“‘You shall count from the next day after the Sabbath, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering: seven Sabbaths shall be completed.
16
The next day after the seventh Sabbath you shall count fifty days; and you shall offer a new meal offering to the LORD.
17
You shall bring out of your habitations two loaves of bread for a wave offering made of two tenths of an ephah(c) of fine flour. They shall be baked with yeast, for first fruits to the LORD.
18
You shall present with the bread seven lambs without defect a year old, one young bull, and two rams. They shall be a burnt offering to the LORD, with their meal offering and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of a sweet aroma to the LORD.
19
You shall offer one male goat for a sin offering, and two male lambs a year old for a sacrifice of peace offerings.
20
The priest shall wave them with the bread of the first fruits for a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs. They shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.
21
You shall make proclamation on the same day that there shall be a holy convocation to you. You shall do no regular work. This is a statute forever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.
22
“‘When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not wholly reap into the corners of your field. You must not gather the gleanings of your harvest. You must leave them for the poor and for the foreigner. I am the LORD your God.’”

The Feast of Trumpets

(Numbers 29:1–6)
23
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
24
“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, there shall be a solemn rest for you, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, a holy convocation.
25
You shall do no regular work. You shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD.’”

The Day of Atonement

(Leviticus 16:1–34; Numbers 29:7–11)
26
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
27
“However on the tenth day of this seventh month is the day of atonement. It shall be a holy convocation to you. You shall afflict yourselves and you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD.
28
You shall do no kind of work in that same day, for it is a day of atonement, to make atonement for you before the LORD your God.
29
For whoever it is who shall not deny himself in that same day shall be cut off from his people.
30
Whoever does any kind of work in that same day, I will destroy that person from among his people.
31
You shall do no kind of work: it is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
32
It shall be a Sabbath of solemn rest for you, and you shall deny yourselves. In the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening, you shall keep your Sabbath.”

The Feast of Tabernacles

(Nehemiah 8:13–18; Zechariah 14:16–21)
33
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
34
“Speak to the children of Israel, and say, ‘On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the feast of booths (d) for seven days to the LORD.
35
On the first day shall be a holy convocation. You shall do no regular work.
36
Seven days you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD. On the eighth day shall be a holy convocation to you. You shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD. It is a solemn assembly; you shall do no regular work.
37
“‘These are the appointed feasts of the LORD which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire to the LORD, a burnt offering, a meal offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, each on its own day—
38
in addition to the Sabbaths of the LORD, and in addition to your gifts, and in addition to all your vows, and in addition to all your free will offerings, which you give to the LORD.
39
“‘So on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the fruits of the land, you shall keep the feast of the LORD seven days. On the first day shall be a solemn rest, and on the eighth day shall be a solemn rest.
40
You shall take on the first day the fruit of majestic trees, branches of palm trees, and boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
41
You shall keep it as a feast to the LORD seven days in the year. It is a statute forever throughout your generations. You shall keep it in the seventh month.
42
You shall dwell in temporary shelters (e) for seven days. All who are native-born in Israel shall dwell in temporary shelters,(f)
43
that your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in temporary shelters (g) when I brought them out of the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.’”
44
So Moses declared to the children of Israel the appointed feasts of the LORD.

Footnotes

(a)23:13 1 ephah is about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel
(b)23:13 A hin is about 6.5 liters or 1.7 gallons.
(c)23:17 1 ephah is about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel
(d)23:34 or, feast of tents, or Succoth
(e)23:42 or, booths
(f)23:42 or, booths
(g)23:43 or, booths
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