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The First Book of Maccabees

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- Chapter 1 -

The reign of Alexander and his successors: Antiochus rifles and profanes the temple of God: and persecutes unto death all that will not forsake the law of God, and the religion of their fathers.

1
And it happened afterwards that Alexander, the son of Philip the Macedonian, who first reigned in Greece having come from the land of Kittim, struck Darius the king of the Persians and the Medes.(a)
2
He appointed many battles, and he took hold of all the fortifications, and he executed the kings of the earth.
3
And he passed through even to the ends of the earth. And he received the spoils of many nations. And the earth was silenced in his sight.
4
And he gathered together power, and an exceedingly strong army. And he was exalted, and his heart was lifted up.
5
And he captured the regions of nations and of sovereign leaders, and they became tributaries to him.
6
And after these things, he fell down on his bed, and he knew that he would die.
7
And he called his servants, nobles who were raised with him from his youth. And he divided his kingdom to them, while he was still alive.(b)
8
And Alexander reigned twelve years, and then he died.
9
And his servants obtained his kingdom, each one in his place.
10
And they all put diadems on themselves after his death, and their sons after them, for many years; and evils were multiplied on the earth.
11
And there went forth from among them a sinful root, Antiochus the illustrious, the son of king Antiochus, who had been a hostage at Rome. And he reigned in the one hundred and thirty-seventh year of the kingdom of the Greeks.(c) (d)
12
In those days, there went forth from Israel sons of iniquity, and they persuaded many, saying: “Let us go and negotiate a covenant with the Gentiles that are all around us. For since we have withdrawn from them, many evils have found us.”
13
And the word seemed good in their eyes.
14
And some of the people determined to do this, and they went to the king. And he gave them the power to act according to the justice of the Gentiles.
15
And they built a sports arena in Jerusalem, according to the laws of the Nations.
16
And they made themselves uncircumcised, and they withdrew from the holy covenant, and they were joined to the nations, and they were sold into evil-doing.(e)
17
And the kingdom was ready in the sight of Antiochus, and he began to reign over the land of Egypt, so that he might reign over two kingdoms.
18
And he entered into Egypt with an oppressive multitude, with swift chariots, and elephants, and horsemen, and a great abundance of ships.
19
And he appointed a war against Ptolemy, the king of Egypt, and Ptolemy was filled with dread before his face, and he fled, and many fell down wounded.
20
And he took hold of the fortified cities in the land of Egypt, and he received the spoils of the land of Egypt.
21
And Antiochus turned back, after he struck Egypt, in the one hundred and forty-third year, and he ascended against Israel.
22
And he ascended to Jerusalem, with an oppressive multitude.
23
And he entered into the sanctuary with arrogance, and he took the golden altar, and the lampstand of light, and all the vessels, and the table for the bread of the Presence, and the vessels of libation, and the vials, and the little mortars of gold, and the veil, and the crowns, and the golden ornament, which was at the face of the temple. And he crushed them all.(f)
24
And he took the silver and gold, and the precious vessels, and he took the hidden treasures, which he found. And having taken all these things away, he departed into his own land.
25
And he caused a massacre of men, and he was speaking with great arrogance.
26
And there was great wailing in Israel and in all of their places.
27
And the leaders and elders mourned, and the virgins and young men became weak, and the splendor of the women was changed.
28
Every bridegroom took up lamentation, and those who sat in the marriage bed mourned.(g)
29
And the land shook on behalf of the inhabitants in it, and the entire house of Jacob was clothed with confusion.(h)
30
And after two years of days, the king sent the prince of his tributes to the cities of Judah, and he came to Jerusalem with a great crowd.(i)
31
And he spoke peaceful words to them, in deceitfulness; and they believed him.
32
And he rushed upon the city suddenly, and he struck it with a great scourging, and he destroyed many of the people of Israel.
33
And he took the spoils of the city, and he burned it with fire, and he destroyed its houses and the walls around it.
34
And they led away the women as captives, and they possessed the children and the cattle.
35
And they built up the city of David with a great and strong wall, and with strong towers, and it became a stronghold for them.(j)
36
And they set up in that place a sinful people, wicked men, and together they grew strong in it. And they stored up weapons and provisions. And they gathered together the spoils of Jerusalem,
37
and deposited them in that place. And they became a great snare.
38
And this became a place of ambush against the sanctuary and a diabolical evil in Israel.(k)
39
And they poured out innocent blood around the sanctuary, and they contaminated the sanctuary.
40
And the inhabitants of Jerusalem fled because of them, and the city became the dwelling place of outsiders, and she became a stranger to her own offspring, and her own children abandoned her.
41
Her sanctuary was desolate, like a place of solitude, her feast days were turned into mourning, her Sabbaths into disgrace, her honors into nothing.
42
Her shame was multiplied according to her glory, and her loftiness was turned into lamentation.
43
And king Antiochus wrote to all his kingdom, that all the people must be one, and that each one should relinquish his own law.
44
And all Gentiles consented, according to the word of king Antiochus.
45
And many out of Israel consented to his servitude, and they sacrificed to idols, and they polluted the Sabbath.
46
And the king sent letters, by the hand of messengers, to Jerusalem and to all the cities of Judah: that they should follow the law of the Nations of the earth,
47
and that they should prohibit holocausts and sacrifices and atonements to be made in the temple of God,
48
and that they should prohibit the celebration of the Sabbath and the solemn days.
49
And he ordered the holy places to be defiled, along with the holy people of Israel.
50
And he ordered altars to be built, and temples, and idols, and he ordered the immolation of the flesh of swine and of unclean cattle,(l)
51
and that they should leave their sons uncircumcised, and defile their souls with all that is unclean, and with abominations, so that they would forget the law and would alter all the justifications of God,
52
and that whoever would not act according to the word of king Antiochus should be put to death.
53
According to all these words, he wrote to all his kingdom. And he appointed leaders over the people, who would compel them to do these things.
54
And these ordered the cities of Judah to sacrifice.
55
And many from the people, who had abandoned the law of the Lord, were gathered together by them. And they committed evils upon the land.
56
And they drove the people of Israel into hiding and into the secret places of fugitives.
57
On the fifteenth day of the month of Kislev, in the one hundred and forty-fifth year, king Antiochus set up the abominable idol of desolation on the altar of God, and they built altars throughout all the surrounding cities of Judah.(m)
58
And they burned frankincense, and they sacrificed before the doors of houses and in the streets.
59
And they cut up the books of the law of God and destroyed them with fire.
60
And all those who were found with the books of the testament of the Lord, and whoever observed the law of the Lord, they butchered, according to the edict of the king.
61
By their power, they did these things to the people of Israel, as they were discovered in the cities, month after month.
62
And on the twenty-fifth day of the month, they sacrificed on that altar which was opposite the high altar.
63
And the women who circumcised their sons were butchered, according to the order of king Antiochus.
64
And they suspended the children by their necks in all their houses, and those who had circumcised them, they butchered.
65
And many of the people of Israel decided within themselves that they would not eat unclean things. And they chose to die, rather than to be defiled with unclean foods.(n)
66
And they were not willing to infringe upon the holy law of God, and they were butchered.
67
And there was a very great wrath upon the people.

Footnotes

(a)1:1 Notice that the book begins as if it were a continuation of another book: “And it happened afterwards....” The author of this book must have written another book (apparently one not inspired as Scripture), on the topic of Jewish history. That book is not part of Scripture and this one is.(Conte)
(b)1:7 Divided his kingdom, etc:This is otherwise related by Q. Curtius; though he acknowledges that divers were of that opinion, and that it had been delivered by some authors, lib. 10. But here we find from the sacred text, that he was in error.(Challoner)
(c)1:11 Antiochus the Illustrius:Epiphanes, the younger son of Antiochus the Great, who usurped the kingdom, to the prejudice of his nephew Demetrius, son of his elder brother Seleucus Philopater.(Challoner)
(d)1:11 Of the kingdom of the Greeks:Counting, not from the beginning of the reign of Alexander, but from the first year of Seleucus Nicator.(Challoner)
(e)1:16 Literally, they made themselves foreskins, in other words, they tried to undo their circumcision. This verse has a spiritual meaning, referring to those Christians who abandon the faith and act as if they were never baptized.(Conte)
(f)1:23 Literally, ‘mensam propositionis’ is ‘the table of showing,’ i.e. the table for the bread of the Presence used in ancient times by the Jews. This bread of the Presence was a foreshadowing of the Eucharist, in which Christ is fully Present. Antiochus was a foreshadowing of the Antichrist, who will take away the Eucharist from most places on earth, and replace it with the abomination of desolation.(Conte)
(g)1:28 A bridegroom is either one who is about to marry or one who has recently married. The expression, ‘those who sat in the marriage bed’ refers to newlyweds.(Conte)
(h)1:29 The land shook because of an earthquake; this verse predicts an earthquake about the time that the Antichrist invades and conquers the holy land of Israel.(Conte)
(i)1:30 The chief collector, etc:Apollonius.(Challoner)
(j)1:35 The city of David:That is, the castle of Sion.(Challoner)
(k)1:38 An evil devil:That is, an adversary watching constantly to do harm, as the evil spirit is always watching and seeking whom he may devour.(Challoner)
(l)1:50 This text refers, eschatologically, to the time during the Antichrist’s reign, when he tries to destroy the Church from within by promoting a perverse imitation of the sacrifice of the Mass and of the Eucharist. This perverse imitation of the Eucharist is called the abomination of desolation.(Conte)
(m)1:57 The abominable idol, etc:Viz., the statue of Jupiter Olympius.(Challoner)
(n)1:65 Some Christians will choose to die, rather than to consume the abomination of desolation, that false and perverse imitation of the Eucharist.(Conte)

The reign of Alexander and his successors: Antiochus rifles and profanes the temple of God: and persecutes unto death all that will not forsake the law of God, and the religion of their fathers.

1
After Alexander the Macedonian, the son of Philip, who came out of the land of Chittim, and struck Darius king of the Persians and Medes, it came to pass, after he had struck him, that he reigned in his place, in former time, over(a) Greece.
2
He fought many battles, won many strongholds, killed the kings of the earth,
3
went through to the ends of the earth, and took spoils of a multitude of nations. The earth was quiet before him. He was exalted. His heart was lifted up.
4
He gathered together an exceedingly strong army and ruled over countries, nations, and principalities, and they paid him tribute.
5
After these things he fell sick, and perceived that he was going to die.
6
He called his honorable servants, which had been brought up with him from his youth, and he divided to them his kingdom while he was still alive.
7
Alexander reigned twelve years, then he died.
8
Then his servants ruled, each one in his place.
9
They all put crowns upon themselves after he was dead, and so did their sons after them many years; and they multiplied evils in the earth.
10
There came out of them a sinful root, Antiochus Epiphanes, son of Antiochus the king, who had been a hostage at Rome, and he reigned in(b) the one hundred thirty seventh year of the kingdom of the Greeks.
11
In those days transgressors of the law came out of Israel and persuaded many, saying, let’s go make a covenant with the(c) Gentiles around us; for since we were separated from them many evils have befallen us.
12
That proposal was good in their eyes.
13
Some of the people eagerly went to the king, and he authorized them to observe the ordinances of the(d) Gentiles.
14
So(e) they built a gymnasium in Jerusalem according to the laws of the(f) Gentiles.
15
They made themselves uncircumcised, forsook the holy covenant, joined themselves to the(g) Gentiles, and sold themselves to do evil.
16
The kingdom was established in the sight of Antiochus, and he planned to reign over Egypt, that he might reign over both kingdoms.
17
He entered into Egypt with a(h) great multitude, with chariots, with elephants, with cavalry, and with a great(i) navy.
18
He made war against Ptolemy king of Egypt. Ptolemy was put to shame before him, and fled; and many fell wounded to death.
19
They took possession of the strong cities in the land of Egypt, and he took the spoils of Egypt.
20
Antiochus, after he had defeated Egypt, returned in(j) the one hundred forty third year, and went up against Israel and Jerusalem with a(k) great multitude,
21
and entered presumptuously into the sanctuary, and took the golden altar, the lampstand for the light, and all its utensils.
22
He took the table of the show bread, the cups for the drink offerings, the bowls, the golden censers, the veil, the crowns, and the gold decoration on the front of the temple. He peeled it all off.
23
He took the silver, the gold, and the precious vessels. He took the hidden treasures which he found.
24
When he had taken all of these, he went away into his own land. He made a great slaughter, and spoke very arrogantly.
25
Great mourning came upon Israel, in every place where they were.
26
The rulers and elders groaned. The virgins and young men were made feeble. The beauty of the women was changed.
27
Every bridegroom took up lamentation. She who sat in the marriage chamber was mourning.
28
The land was moved for its inhabitants, and all the house of Jacob was clothed with shame.
29
(l)After two full years, the king sent a chief collector of tribute to the cities of Judah, and he came to Jerusalem with a(m) great multitude.
30
He spoke words of peace to them in subtlety, and they believed him. Then he fell upon the city suddenly, struck it very severely, and destroyed many people of Israel.
31
He took the spoils of the city, set it on fire, and pulled down its houses and its walls on every side.
32
They led captive the women and the children, and seized the livestock.
33
Then they fortified the city of David with a large, strong wall and with strong towers, and it became their citadel.
34
They put a sinful nation, transgressors of the law, there, and they strengthened themselves in it.
35
They stored up weapons and food, and gathering together the spoils of Jerusalem, they stored them there, and they became a great menace.
36
It became a place to lie in wait against the sanctuary, and an evil adversary to Israel continually.
37
They shed innocent blood on every side of the sanctuary, and defiled the sanctuary.
38
The inhabitants of Jerusalem fled because of them. She became a habitation of foreigners. She became foreign to those who were born in her, and her children forsook her.
39
Her sanctuary was laid waste like a wilderness,(n) her feasts were turned into mourning, her Sabbaths into reproach, and her honor into contempt.
40
According to her glory, so was her dishonor multiplied, and her exaltation was turned into mourning.
41
King Antiochus wrote to his whole kingdom that all should be one people,
42
and that each should forsake his own laws. All the nations agreed according to the word of the king.
43
Many of Israel consented to his worship, sacrificed to the idols, and profaned the Sabbath.
44
The king sent letters by the hand of messengers to Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, that they should follow laws strange to the land,
45
and should forbid whole burnt offerings and sacrifice and drink offerings in the sanctuary; and should profane the Sabbaths and feasts,
46
and pollute the sanctuary and those who were holy;
47
that they should build altars, and temples, and shrines for idols, and should sacrifice swine’s flesh and unclean animals;
48
and that they should leave their sons uncircumcised, that they should make their souls abominable with all manner of uncleanness and profanation;
49
so that they might forget the law, and change all the ordinances.
50
Whoever doesn’t do according to the word of the king, he shall die.
51
According to all these words wrote he to his whole kingdom. He appointed overseers over all the people, and he commanded the cities of Judah to sacrifice, city by city.
52
From the people were gathered together to them many, everyone who had forsaken the law; and they did evil things in the land.
53
They made Israel to hide themselves in every place of refuge which they had.
54
On the fifteenth day of Chislev, in(o) the one hundred forty fifth year, they built an abomination of desolation upon the altar,(p) and in the cities of Judah on every side they built idol altars.(q)
55
At the doors of the houses and in the streets they burned incense.
56
They tore the books of the law which they found in pieces and set them on fire.
57
Anyone who was found with any a book of the covenant, and if any consented to the law, the king’s sentence delivered him to death.
58
Thus did they in their might to Israel, to those who were found month by month in the cities.
59
On the twenty-fifth day of the month they sacrificed upon the idol altar that was on top of the altar of burnt offering.
60
(r)They put to death women who had circumcised their children, according to the commandment.
61
They hung their babies around their necks, and their houses, and those who had circumcised them.
62
Many in Israel were fully resolved and confirmed in themselves not to eat unclean things.
63
(s)They chose to die, that they might not be defiled with the food, and that they might not profane the holy covenant; and they died.
64
Exceedingly great wrath came upon Israel.

Footnotes

(a)1:1 That is, the Greek Empire. Compare 1 Maccabees 1:10 and 1 Maccabees 6:2 .
(b)1:10 circa B.C. 176.
(c)1:11 Or, nations:and so throughout this book.
(d)1:13 Or, nations:and so throughout this book.
(e)1:14 See 2 Maccabees 4:9 12.
(f)1:14 Or, nations:and so throughout this book.
(g)1:15 Or, nations:and so throughout this book
(h)1:17 Gr. heavy.
(i)1:17 Or, armament
(j)1:20 circa B.C. 170. See 2 Maccabees 5:11 .
(k)1:20 Gr. heavy.
(l)1:29 See 2 Maccabees 5:24 .
(m)1:29 Gr. heavy.
(n)1:39 See 2 Maccabees 6:6 .
(o)1:54 circa B.C. 168. See 2 Maccabees 5:11 .
(p)1:54 The two words rendered altarare different in the Greek: and so in 1 Maccabees 1:59 .
(q)1:54 The two words rendered altarare different in the Greek: and so in 1 Maccabees 1:59 .
(r)1:60 See 2 Maccabees 6:10 .
(s)1:63 See 2 Maccabees 6:19 and 7:1, etc.
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