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The Book of Judges

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(Joshua 13:1–7)
1
After the death of Joshua, the sons of Israel consulted the Lord, saying, “Who will ascend before us, against the Canaanite, and who will be the commander of the war?”
2
And the Lord said: “Judah shall ascend. Behold, I have delivered the land into his hands.”
3
And Judah said to his brother Simeon, “Go up with me to my lot, and fight against the Canaanite, so that I also may go forth with you to your lot.” And Simeon went with him.
4
And Judah went up, and the Lord delivered the Canaanite, as well as the Perizzite, into their hands. And they struck down ten thousand of the men at Bezek.
5
And they found Adonibezek at Bezek, and they fought against him, and they struck down the Canaanite and the Perizzite.
6
Then Adonibezek fled. And they pursued him and captured him, and they cut off the ends of his hands and feet.
7
And Adonibezek said: “Seventy kings, with the ends of their hands and feet amputated, have been gathering the remnants of food under my table. Just as I have done, so has God repaid me.” And they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there.

The Capture of Jerusalem and Hebron

(Joshua 15:13–19)
8
Then the sons of Judah, besieging Jerusalem, seized it. And they struck it with edge of the sword, delivering the entire city to be burned.(a)
9
And afterward, descending, they fought against the Canaanites who were living in the mountains, and in the south, and in the plains.
10
And Judah, going forth against the Canaanites who were living at Hebron, (the name of which from antiquity was Kiriath-Arba) struck down Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.(b)
11
And continuing on from there, he went to the inhabitants of Debir, the old name of which was Kiriath-Sepher, that is, the City of Letters.(c)
12
And Caleb said, “Whoever will strike Kiriath-Sepher, and will lay waste to it, I will give to him my daughter Achsah as wife.”
13
And when Othniel, the son of Kenaz, a younger brother of Caleb, had seized it, he gave his daughter Achsah to him in marriage.
14
And as she was traveling on a journey, her husband admonished her, so that she would request a field from her father. And since she had sighed while sitting on her donkey, Caleb said to her, “What is it?”
15
But she responded: “Give a blessing to me. For you have given me a dry land. Also give a watered land.” Therefore, Caleb gave to her the upper watered land and the lower watered land.
16
Now the sons of the Kenite, the relative of Moses, ascended from the City of Palms, with the sons of Judah, into the wilderness of his lot, which is toward the south of Arad. And they lived with him.(d) (e)
17
Then Judah went out with his brother Simeon, and together they struck the Canaanites who were living at Zephath, and they put them to death. And the name of the city was called Hormah, that is, Anathema.
18
And Judah seized Gaza, with its parts, and Ashkelon as well as Ekron, with their borders.(f)
19
And the Lord was with Judah, and he possessed the mountains. But he was not able to wipe out the inhabitants of the valley. For they abounded with chariots armed with scythes.(g)
20
And just as Moses had said, they gave Hebron to Caleb, who destroyed out of it the three sons of Anak.
21
But the sons of Benjamin did not wipe out the Jebusite inhabitants of Jerusalem. And the Jebusite has lived with the sons of Benjamin in Jerusalem, even to the present day.
22
The house of Joseph also ascended against Bethel, and the Lord was with them.
23
For when they were besieging the city, which was previously called Luz,
24
they saw a man departing from the city, and they said to him, “Reveal to us the entrance to the city, and we will act with mercy toward you.”
25
And when he had revealed it to them, they struck the city with the edge of the sword. But that man, and all his relatives, they released.
26
And having been sent away, he went out to the land of the Hittites, and he built a city there, and he called it Luz. And so it is called, even to the present day.

The Failure to Complete the Conquest

27
Likewise, Manasseh did not destroy Bethshean and Taanach, with their villages, nor the inhabitants of Dor and Ibleam and Megiddo, with their villages. And the Canaanite began to live with them.
28
Then, after Israel had grown strong, he made them tributaries, but he was not willing to destroy them.
29
And now Ephraim did not put to death the Canaanite, who was living at Gezer; instead, he lived with him.
30
Zebulun did not wipe out the inhabitants of Kitron and of Nahalal. Instead, the Canaanite lived in their midst and became their tributary.
31
Likewise, Asher did not destroy the inhabitants of Acco and Sidon, Ahlab and Achzib, and Helbah, and Aphik, and Rehob.
32
And he lived in the midst of the Canaanites, the inhabitants of that land, for he did not put them to death.
33
Naphtali also did not wipe out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Bethanath. And he lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land. And the Beth-shemeshites and Bethanathites were tributaries to him.
34
And the Amorite hemmed in the sons of Dan on the mountain, and did not give them a place, so that they might descend to the flatlands.
35
And he lived on the mountain at Har-heres, which is translated as ‘resembling brick,’ and at Aijalon and Sha-alabbin. But the hand of the house of Joseph was very heavy, and he became a tributary to him.(h)
36
Now the border of the Amorite was from the Ascent of the Scorpion, to the Rock and the higher places.

Fußnoten

(a)1:8 Jerusalem:This city was divided into two; one part was called Jebus, the other Salem: the one was in the tribe of Juda, the other in the tribe of Benjamin. After it was taken and burnt by the men of Juda, it was quickly rebuilt again by the Jebusites, as we may gather from ver. 21; and continued in their possession till it was taken by king David.(Challoner)
(b)1:10 Hebron:This expedition against Hebron, etc. is the same as is related, Jos. 15:24. It is here repeated, to give the reader at once a short sketch of all the achievements of the tribe of Juda against the Chanaanites.(Challoner)
(c)1:11 The city of letters:Perhaps so called from some famous school, or library, kept there.(Challoner)
(d)1:16 The Cinite:Jethro the father in law of Moses was called Cinoeus, or the Cinite; and his children who came along with the children of Israel settled themselves among them in the land of Chanaan, embracing their worship and religion. From these the Rechabites sprung, of whom see Jer. 35.(Challoner)
(e)1:16 The city of palms:Jericho, so called from the abundance of palm trees.(Challoner)
(f)1:18 Gaza, etc:These were three of the principal cities of the Philistines, famous both in sacred and profane history. They were taken at this time by the Israelites: but as they took no care to put garrisons in them, the Philistines soon recovered them.(Challoner)
(g)1:19 Was not able, etc:Through a cowardly fear of their chariots armed with hooks and scythes, and for want of confidence in God.(Challoner)
(h)1:35 He dwelt:That is, the Amorrhite.(Challoner)
(Joshua 13:1–7)
1
After the death of Joshua, the children of Israel asked of the LORD,(a) saying, “Who should go up for us first against the Canaanites, to fight against them?”
2
The LORD said, “Judah shall go up. Behold,(b) I have delivered the land into his hand.”
3
Judah said to Simeon his brother, “Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with you into your lot.” So Simeon went with him.
4
Judah went up, and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand. They struck ten thousand men in Bezek.
5
They found Adoni-Bezek in Bezek, and they fought against him. They struck the Canaanites and the Perizzites.
6
But Adoni-Bezek fled. They pursued him, caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his big toes.
7
Adoni-Bezek said, “Seventy kings, having their thumbs and their big toes cut off, scavenged under my table. As I have done, so God (c) has done to me.” They brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there.

The Capture of Jerusalem and Hebron

(Joshua 15:13–19)
8
The children of Judah fought against Jerusalem, took it, struck it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.
9
After that, the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites who lived in the hill country, and in the South, and in the lowland.
10
Judah went against the Canaanites who lived in Hebron. (The name of Hebron before that was Kiriath Arba.) They struck Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.
11
From there he went against the inhabitants of Debir. (The name of Debir before that was Kiriath Sepher.)
12
Caleb said, “I will give Achsah my daughter as wife to the man who strikes Kiriath Sepher, and takes it.”
13
Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, took it, so he gave him Achsah his daughter as his wife.
14
When she came, she got him to ask her father for a field. She got off her donkey; and Caleb said to her, “What would you like?”
15
She said to him, “Give me a blessing; because you have set me in the land of the South, give me also springs of water.” Then Caleb gave her the upper springs and the lower springs.
16
The children of the Kenite, Moses’ brother-in-law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which is in the south of Arad; and they went and lived with the people.
17
Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they struck the Canaanites who inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. The name of the city was called Hormah.
18
Also Judah took Gaza with its border, and Ashkelon with its border, and Ekron with its border.
19
The LORD was with Judah, and drove out the inhabitants of the hill country; for he could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron.
20
They gave Hebron to Caleb, as Moses had said, and he drove the three sons of Anak out of there.
21
The children of Benjamin didn’t drive out the Jebusites who inhabited Jerusalem, but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this day.
22
The house of Joseph also went up against Bethel, and the LORD was with them.
23
The house of Joseph sent to spy out Bethel. (The name of the city before that was Luz.)
24
The watchers saw a man come out of the city, and they said to him, “Please show us the entrance into the city, and we will deal kindly with you.”
25
He showed them the entrance into the city, and they struck the city with the edge of the sword; but they let the man and all his family go.
26
The man went into the land of the Hittites, built a city, and called its name Luz, which is its name to this day.

The Failure to Complete the Conquest

27
Manasseh didn’t drive out the inhabitants of Beth Shean and its towns, nor Taanach and its towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and its towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and its towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and its towns; but the Canaanites would dwell in that land.
28
When Israel had grown strong, they put the Canaanites to forced labor, and didn’t utterly drive them out.
29
Ephraim didn’t drive out the Canaanites who lived in Gezer, but the Canaanites lived in Gezer among them.
30
Zebulun didn’t drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites lived among them, and became subject to forced labor.
31
Asher didn’t drive out the inhabitants of Acco, nor the inhabitants of Sidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob;
32
but the Asherites lived among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land, for they didn’t drive them out.
33
Naphtali didn’t drive out the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh, nor the inhabitants of Beth Anath; but he lived among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land. Nevertheless the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and of Beth Anath became subject to forced labor.
34
The Amorites forced the children of Dan into the hill country, for they would not allow them to come down to the valley;
35
but the Amorites would dwell in Mount Heres, in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim. Yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became subject to forced labor.
36
The border of the Amorites was from the ascent of Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward.

Fußnoten

(a)1:1 When rendered in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, “LORD” or “GOD” is the translation of God’s Proper Name.
(b)1:2 “Behold”, from “הִנֵּה”, means look at, take notice, observe, see, or gaze at. It is often used as an interjection.
(c)1:7 The Hebrew word rendered “God” is “אֱלֹהִ֑ים” (Elohim).
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