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The Third Book of Moses: Leviticus

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- Chapter 23 -

(Exodus 23:14–19)
1
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
2
Speak to the children of Israel, and thou shalt say to them: These are the feasts of the Lord, which you shall call holy.
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Six days shall ye do work: the seventh day, because it is the rest of the sabbath, shall be called holy. You shall do no work on that day: it is the sabbath of the Lord in all your habitations.

Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread

(Exodus 12:14–28; Numbers 28:16–25; Deuteronomy 16:1–8)
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These also are the holy days of the Lord, which you must celebrate in their seasons.
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The first month, the fourteenth day of the month at evening, is the phase of the Lord:
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And the fifteenth day of the same month is the solemnity of the unleavened bread of the Lord. Seven days shall you eat unleavened bread.
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The first day shall be most solemn unto you, and holy: you shall do no servile work therein:
8
But you shall offer sacrifice in fire to the Lord seven days. And the seventh day shall be more solemn, and more holy: and you shall do no servile work therein.

The Feast of Firstfruits

9
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
10
Speak to the children of Israel, and thou shalt say to them: When you shall have entered into the land which I will give you, and shall reap your corn, you shall bring sheaves of ears, the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest:
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Who shall lift up the shed before the Lord, the next day after the sabbath, that it may be acceptable for you, and shall sanctify it.
12
And on the same day that the sheaf is consecrated, a lamb without blemish of the first year shall be killed for a holocaust of the Lord.
13
And the libations shall be offered with it, two tenths of hour tempered with oil for a burnt offering of the Lord, and a most sweet odour: libations also of wine, the fourth part of a hin.
14
You shall not eat either bread, or parched corn, or frumenty of the harvest, until the day that you shall offer thereof to your God. It is a precept for ever throughout your generations, and all your dwellings.

The Feast of Weeks

(Acts 2:1–13)
15
You shall count therefore from the morrow after the sabbath, wherein you offered the sheaf of the firstfruits, seven full weeks.
16
Even unto the marrow after the seventh week be expired, that is to say, fifty days, and so you shall offer a new sacrifice to the Lord.
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Out of all your dwellings, two leaves of the firstfruits, of two tenths of flour leavened, which you shall bake for the firstfruits of the Lord.
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And you shall offer with the leaves seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one calf from the herd, and two rams, and they shall be for a holocaust with their libations far a most sweet odour to the Lord.
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You shall offer also a buck goat for sin, and two lambs of the first year for sacrifices of peace offerings.
20
And when the priest hath lifted them up with the leaves of the firstfruits before the Lord, they shall fall to his use.
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And you shall call this day most solemn, and most holy. You shall do no servile work therein. It shall be an everlasting ordinance in all your dwellings and generations.
22
And when you reap the corn of your land, you shall not cut it to the very ground: neither shall you gather the ears that remain; but you shall leave them for the poor and for the strangers. I am the Lord your God.

The Feast of Trumpets

(Numbers 29:1–6)
23
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
24
Say to the children of Israel: The seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall keep a sabbath, a memorial, with she sound of trumpets, and it shall be called holy.
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You shall do no servile work therein, and you shall offer a holocaust to the Lord.

The Day of Atonement

(Leviticus 16:1–34; Numbers 29:7–11)
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And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
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Upon the tenth day of this seventh month shall be the day of atonement, it shall be most solemn, and shall be called holy: and you shall afflict your souls on that day, and shall offer a holocaust to the Lord.
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You shall do no servile work in the time of this day: because it is a day of propitiation, that the Lord your God may be merciful unto you.
29
Every soul that is not afflicted on this day, shall perish from among his people:
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And every soul that shall do any work, the same will I destroy from among his people.
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You shall do no work therefore on that day: it shall be an everlasting ordinance unto you in all your generations, and dwellings.
32
It is a sabbath of rest, and you shell afflict your souls beginning on the ninth day of the month: from evening until evening you shall celebrate your sabbaths.

The Feast of Tabernacles

(Nehemiah 8:13–18; Zechariah 14:16–21)
33
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
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Say to the children of Israel: From the fifteenth day of this same seventh month, shall be kept the feast of tabernacles seven days to the Lord.
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The first day shall be called most solemn and most holy: you shall do no servile work therein. And seven days you shall offer holocausts to the Lord.
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The eighth day also shall be most solemn and most holy, and you shall offer holocausts to the Lord: for it is the day of assembly and congregation: you shall do no servile work therein.
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These are the feasts of the Lord, which you shall call most solemn and most holy, and shall offer on them oblations to the Lord, holocausts and libations according to the rite of every day,
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Besides the sabbaths of the Lord, and your gifts, and those things that you offer by vow, or which you shall give to the Lord voluntarily.
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So from the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you shall have gathered in all the fruits of your land, you shall celebrate the feast of the Lord seven days: on the first day and the eighth shall be a sabbath, that is a day of rest.
40
And you shall take to you on the first day the fruits of the fairest tree, and branches of palm trees, and boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the Lord your God.
41
And you shall keep the solemnity thereof seven days in the year. It shall be an everlasting ordinance in your generations. In the seventh month shall you celebrate this feast.
42
And you shall dwell in bowers seven days: every one that is of the race of Israel, shall dwell in tabernacles:
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That your posterity may know, that I made the children of Israel to dwell in tabernacles, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.
44
And Moses spoke concerning the feasts of the Lord to the children of Israel.
(Exodus 23:14–19)
1
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2
“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘The set feasts of the LORD, which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my set feasts.
3
“‘Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation; you shall do no kind of work. It is a Sabbath to the LORD in all your dwellings.

Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread

(Exodus 12:14–28; Numbers 28:16–25; Deuteronomy 16:1–8)
4
“‘These are the set feasts of the LORD, even holy convocations, which you shall proclaim in their appointed season.
5
In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, is the LORD’s Passover.
6
On the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread to the LORD. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.
7
In the first day you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no regular work.
8
But you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD seven days. In the seventh day is a holy convocation. You shall do no regular work.’”

The Feast of Firstfruits

9
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
10
“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘When you have come into the land which I give to you, and shall reap its harvest, then you shall bring the sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest to the priest.
11
He shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you. On the next day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.
12
On the day when you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a male lamb without defect a year old for a burnt offering to the LORD.
13
The meal offering with it shall be two tenths of an ephah(a) of fine flour mixed with oil, an offering made by fire to the LORD for a pleasant aroma; and the drink offering with it shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin.(b)
14
You must not eat bread, or roasted grain, or fresh grain, until this same day, until you have brought the offering of your God. This is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

The Feast of Weeks

(Acts 2:1–13)
15
“‘You shall count from the next day after the Sabbath, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering: seven Sabbaths shall be completed.
16
The next day after the seventh Sabbath you shall count fifty days; and you shall offer a new meal offering to the LORD.
17
You shall bring out of your habitations two loaves of bread for a wave offering made of two tenths of an ephah(c) of fine flour. They shall be baked with yeast, for first fruits to the LORD.
18
You shall present with the bread seven lambs without defect a year old, one young bull, and two rams. They shall be a burnt offering to the LORD, with their meal offering and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of a sweet aroma to the LORD.
19
You shall offer one male goat for a sin offering, and two male lambs a year old for a sacrifice of peace offerings.
20
The priest shall wave them with the bread of the first fruits for a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs. They shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.
21
You shall make proclamation on the same day that there shall be a holy convocation to you. You shall do no regular work. This is a statute forever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.
22
“‘When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not wholly reap into the corners of your field. You must not gather the gleanings of your harvest. You must leave them for the poor and for the foreigner. I am the LORD your God.’”

The Feast of Trumpets

(Numbers 29:1–6)
23
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
24
“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, there shall be a solemn rest for you, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, a holy convocation.
25
You shall do no regular work. You shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD.’”

The Day of Atonement

(Leviticus 16:1–34; Numbers 29:7–11)
26
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
27
“However on the tenth day of this seventh month is the day of atonement. It shall be a holy convocation to you. You shall afflict yourselves and you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD.
28
You shall do no kind of work in that same day, for it is a day of atonement, to make atonement for you before the LORD your God.
29
For whoever it is who shall not deny himself in that same day shall be cut off from his people.
30
Whoever does any kind of work in that same day, I will destroy that person from among his people.
31
You shall do no kind of work: it is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
32
It shall be a Sabbath of solemn rest for you, and you shall deny yourselves. In the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening, you shall keep your Sabbath.”

The Feast of Tabernacles

(Nehemiah 8:13–18; Zechariah 14:16–21)
33
The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
34
“Speak to the children of Israel, and say, ‘On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the feast of booths (d) for seven days to the LORD.
35
On the first day shall be a holy convocation. You shall do no regular work.
36
Seven days you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD. On the eighth day shall be a holy convocation to you. You shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD. It is a solemn assembly; you shall do no regular work.
37
“‘These are the appointed feasts of the LORD which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire to the LORD, a burnt offering, a meal offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, each on its own day—
38
in addition to the Sabbaths of the LORD, and in addition to your gifts, and in addition to all your vows, and in addition to all your free will offerings, which you give to the LORD.
39
“‘So on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the fruits of the land, you shall keep the feast of the LORD seven days. On the first day shall be a solemn rest, and on the eighth day shall be a solemn rest.
40
You shall take on the first day the fruit of majestic trees, branches of palm trees, and boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
41
You shall keep it as a feast to the LORD seven days in the year. It is a statute forever throughout your generations. You shall keep it in the seventh month.
42
You shall dwell in temporary shelters (e) for seven days. All who are native-born in Israel shall dwell in temporary shelters,(f)
43
that your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in temporary shelters (g) when I brought them out of the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.’”
44
So Moses declared to the children of Israel the appointed feasts of the LORD.

Footnotes

(a)23:13 1 ephah is about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel
(b)23:13 A hin is about 6.5 liters or 1.7 gallons.
(c)23:17 1 ephah is about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel
(d)23:34 or, feast of tents, or Succoth
(e)23:42 or, booths
(f)23:42 or, booths
(g)23:43 or, booths
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