The Epistle to the Hebrews

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- Kapitel 9 -

(Exodus 40:1–33; Acts 7:44–47)

In the first covenant God regulated how people of Israel should worship, and he told them to make a place to worship him.

The sanctuary that the Israelites set up was the sacred tent. In its outer room there were the lampstand and the table on which they put the bread on display before God. That room was called the holy place.

Behind the curtain on one side of the holy place there was another room. That was called the very holy place.

It had an altar covered with gold for burning incense. It also had the sacred chest. All its sides were covered with gold. In it was the golden pot which contained pieces of the food they called manna. In the chest there was also Aaron’s walking stick that had budded to prove that he was God’s true priest. In the chest were also the stone tablets on which God had written the Ten Commandments.

On top of the chest were figures of winged creatures that symbolized God’s glory. Their wings overshadowed the sacred chest’s lid where the high priest sprinkled the blood to atone for the sins of the people. I cannot now write about these things in detail.

After they have arranged all these things in this way, the Jewish priests habitually go into the outer room of the tent to do their tasks.

But into the inner room only the high priest goes once a year. He always takes the blood of animals that they have slaughtered. He offers the blood to God for his own sins and for the sins that the other Israelites have committed. This includes the sins they committed but they did not know they were committing sins.

By those things the Holy Spirit indicated that God did not reveal the way for ordinary people to enter into the inner room, the very holy place, while the outer room still existed. In a similar way, he did not reveal the way for ordinary people to enter the presence of God while the Jews offered sacrifices in the old way.

This was a symbol for the time in which we are now living. The gifts and sacrifices offered in the sacred tent cannot make a person always know right from wrong or always do right from our hearts and in a way that he pleases God.

Those rules about what to eat and drink, and about what to wash, all those rules are no longer any good because God has made a new covenant with us. This new covenant is a much better system.

Redemption through His Blood

But when Messiah came as our high priest, he brought the good things that we have now. Then he went into God’s presence in heaven, which is like the sacred tent, but it is not part of the world that God created. It is better than the tent Moses set up here on earth because it is perfect.

When a high priest goes into the inner room in the tent each year, he takes goats’ blood and calves’ blood to offer as a sacrifice. But Messiah did not do that. It was as though he went into that very holy place only once because he gave his own blood on the cross, just one time. By doing that, he redeemed us forever, because his blood flowed from himself.

The priests sprinkle on people goats’ blood and bulls’ blood and the water that has been filtered through the ashes of a red heifer that they have completely burned. By performing that ritual, they then say that God will now accept that the people should worship him.

If all that is true, then it became even more true when Messiah, who had never sinned, sacrificed himself to God, he did this by the power of God’s eternal Spirit. Because he sacrificed himself, God now forgives us for having sinned, for having done things that would have made us die forever. Now it is as though we had never sinned; now we can worship the true God.

By dying for us, Messiah made for God a new covenant with us. We were trying to please God by means of the first covenant, but we were still guilty of having sinned. When he died, he freed us from having to die for our own sins. As a result, all of us whom God has called to know him will receive what he has promised to give us forever.

A covenant is like a will. In the case of a will, in order to put its provisions into effect, someone must prove that the one who made it has died.

A will goes into effect only when the one who makes the will has died. It is not in effect when the one who made it is still alive.

And so God put the first covenant into effect only by means of animals’ blood that flowed when the priests sacrificed them.

After Moses had declared to all the Israelites everything that God commanded in the laws that God gave him, he took calves’ and goats’ blood mixed with water. He dipped into this blood scarlet wool that he tied around a sprig of hyssop. Then he sprinkled with some of the blood the scroll itself containing God’s laws. Then he sprinkled more of that blood on all the people.

He said to them, “This is the blood that brings into effect the covenant that God commanded that you obey.”

Likewise, he sprinkled that blood on the sacred tent and on every object that they used in working there.

It was by sprinkling blood that they cleansed almost everything. That was what was stated in God’s laws. If blood does not flow when they sacrifice an animal, God does not forgive the sins of those people.

So by animal sacrifices it was necessary for the priests to cleanse the things that symbolized what Messiah does in heaven. But God has to cleanse the things in heaven by means of much better sacrifices than those.

Messiah did not enter the very holy place that humans made, which only represented the true very holy place. Instead, he entered heaven itself, in order to now be in God’s presence to plead with God for us.

The high priest enters the very holy place once every year, taking blood that is not his own, to offer it as a sacrifice. But when Messiah entered heaven, it was not in order to offer himself repeatedly like that.

If that were so, he would have needed to suffer and shed his blood repeatedly since the time when God created the world. But instead, in this final age, Messiah has appeared once so that by sacrificing himself, God will forgive all our sins and will not condemn us any more because we have sinned.

All people must die once, and after that God will judge them for their sins.

Likewise, when Messiah died, God offered him once to be a sacrifice, to punish him in the place of the many people who had sinned. He will come to earth a second time, not in order to sacrifice himself again for those who have sinned, but in order to save us who wait for him and expect him to come.

Das irdische Heiligtum

(2. Mose 40,1-33; Apostelgeschichte 7,44-47)

Es hatte nun zwar auch der erste Bund Vorschriften für den Gottesdienst und das weltliche Heiligtum.

Es war nämlich ein Gezelt errichtet, das vordere, in dem der Leuchter und der Tisch und die Schaubrote waren, welches das Heilige heißt.

Hinter dem zweiten Vorhange aber das Zelt, welches das Allerheiligste genannt wird,

das goldene Rauchfaß enthaltend und die auf allen Seiten mit Gold überzogene Bundeslade, in welcher die goldene Urne mit dem Manna, der Stab Aarons, der gesproßt hatte, und die Tafeln des Bundes sich befanden,

und darüber die Cherubim der Herrlichkeit, die den Gnadenthron überschatteten; wovon jetzt nicht im Einzelnen zu reden ist.

Die Grenzen des irdischen Dienstes

So war dies nun eingerichtet, und die Priester traten, wenn sie den Opferdienst verrichteten, allezeit in das vordere Gezelt,

dagegen in das hintere Gezelt ging nur einmal im Jahre der Hohepriester allein, nicht ohne Blut, welches er für seine und des Volkes Sünden der Unwissenheit darbringt.

So weist der Heilige Geist darauf hin, dass der Weg in das Allerheiligste noch nicht offen steht, so lange das vordere Zelt noch Bestand hat.

Dieses nämlich ist ein Sinnbild der gegenwärtigen Zeit, gemäß welchem Gaben und Opfer dargebracht werden, die nicht vermögen, den im Gewissen vollkommen zu machen, welcher den Gottesdienst vollzieht, da sie, wie Speisen und Getränke

und verschiedene Abwaschungen nur fleischliche Satzungen sind, die bis zur Zeit der Verbesserung auferlegt waren.

Das himmlische Heiligtum

Christus aber erschien als Hoherpriester der zukünftigen Güter und ging durch das höhere und vollkommenere Zelt, das nicht mit Händen gemacht, d. i. nicht von dieser Schöpfung ist,

auch nicht durch Blut von Böcken und Kälbern, sondern durch sein eigenes Blut ein für allemal in das Allerheiligste ein, nachdem er eine ewige Erlösung gefunden.

Denn wenn das Blut von Böcken und Stieren und die Asche des Rindes die Verunreinigten besprengend, heiligt, so dass sie leiblich rein werden,

um wie viel mehr wird das Blut Christi, der durch den Heiligen Geist sich selbst als ein unbeflecktes Opfer Gott dargebracht hat, unser Gewissen reinigen von toten Werken, damit wir dem lebendigen Gott dienen!

Und deswegen ist er eines neuen Bundes Mittler, damit durch den Tod, welcher zur Erlösung von den unter dem ersten Bunde begangenen Übertretungen erfolgte, die Berufenen die Verheißung des ewigen Erbes empfingen.

Der Tod des Mittlers ist notwendig

Denn wo ein Testament ist, muss notwendig der Tod dessen, der das Testament macht, dazwischen treten.

Denn ein Testament erlangt durch den Tod feste Geltung, während es noch keine Kraft hat, so lange der lebt, der es gemacht hat.

Daher wurde auch das erste nicht ohne Blut eingeweiht.

Denn nachdem Moses dem gesamten Volke alle Gebote des Gesetzes vorgelesen hatte, nahm er das Blut von Kälbern und Böcken nebst Wasser, purpurroter Wolle und Ysop, und besprengte das Buch selbst, sowie das ganze Volk,

indem er sprach: Dies ist das Blut des Bundes, welchen Gott für euch angeordnet hat.

Auch das Gezelt und alle Geräte des Gottesdienstes besprengte er gleicherweise mit dem Blute.

Und fast alles wird nach dem Gesetze mit Blut gereinigt, und ohne Blutvergießen findet keine Vergebung statt.

Die Größe des Opfers Christi

So mussten also die Abbilder der himmlischen Dinge hierdurch gereinigt werden; doch das himmlische selbst fordert höhere Opfer als diese.

Denn nicht in ein von Menschenhänden gemachtes Allerheiligste ging Jesus ein, das Nachbild des wahrhaftigen, sondern in den Himmel selbst, um nunmehr vor dem Angesichte Gottes für uns zu erscheinen;

auch nicht, um sich selbst oftmals darzubringen, wie der Hohepriester alle Jahre mit fremdem Blute in das Allerheiligste eingeht,

sonst hätte er oftmals leiden müssen vom Anbeginn der Welt an; nun aber ist er einmal in der Vollendung der Zeiten zur Hinwegnahme der Sünde durch sein Opfer erschienen.

Und gleichwie es dem Menschen bestimmt ist, einmal zu sterben, darnach aber das Gericht folgt,

so ist auch Christus einmal dargebracht worden, um die Sünden vieler wegzunehmen; zum zweiten Male wird er ohne Sünde den auf ihn Harrenden zum Heile erscheinen.